The role of international environmental instruments in enhancing transboundary marine protected areas: An approach in East Africa     

José Guerreiro  Aldo Chircop  David Dzidzornu  Catarina Grilo  Raquel Ribeiro  Rudy van der Elst  Ana Viras 《Marine Policy》2011

The increasing degradation of marine ecosystems has led to multiple calls for greater protection through the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). If created at the ecosystem or ecoregion level, MPAs will likely straddle maritime boundaries and therefore necessitate international cooperation. International environmental law and international law of the sea may facilitate cooperation between States in creating transboundary MPAs. The extent to which this body of law is actually or potentially useful for the establishment of transboundary MPAs is examined in the context of the East African Marine Ecoregion, focusing on Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania. A general survey and assessment of the applicable global, regional, and bilateral instruments in relation to the three States is conducted. Although some global instruments are relevant in the East African context, regional and bilateral instruments are more conducive to the establishment of transboundary MPAs. The article concludes that although a trilateral agreement between Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania would be an ideal vehicle for the establishment of a transboundary network of MPAs addressing both national and ecoregional conservation interests, a separate solution at each border will be the first step towards this goal.  相似文献   

渤海湾天津近岸海域首次棕囊藻赤潮初探     

屠建波  张秋丰  徐玉山  胡延忠  石海明 《海洋通报》2011,30(3):334-337

利用2006年渤海湾天津近岸海域首次棕囊藻赤潮各发生区域动态应急监测资料,对其水体理化参数进行了分析.主要得出如下结论:(1)渤海湾天津近岸海域首次爆发的相对低温条件下棕囊藻赤潮虽然来势凶猛,但对区域生物并没有造成明显毒害影响,一定程度上佐证了低温条件下棕囊藻细胞数量积累迅速但合成毒素的数量却相对较少的实验室研究结论....  相似文献   

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Yu  Zhu Gengrui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):791-801

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.  相似文献   

天津滨海地区土壤剖面盐渍化特征及其影响因素   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王卫星  李攻科  侯佳渝  刘永涛 《物探与化探》2015,(1):172-179

土壤盐渍化是由自然或人类活动引起的一种环境风险,对工农业生产具有重要影响。本次研究在天津滨海地区布置了6条具有代表性的土壤盐渍化剖面,选取其中4个剖面进行了为期两年的按月采样监测。研究发现,除了BHY6土壤剖面由于长年耕种,表现为平衡型土壤剖面形态之外,其余基本表现为底聚型土壤盐渍化剖面形态;从剖面中下部直到底部浅层地下水位附近,土壤中阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-或Cl-+HCO-3为主,尤其在浅层地下水矿化度显著偏高(达盐水程度)的地区,土壤中Na+、Cl-所占比例具有绝对优势,具有滨海盐土的基本发生特征;气候因素、浅层地下水矿化度及埋深、表层土壤植被都是滨海地区土壤盐渍化的重要影响因素。表层土壤表现出春季积盐、夏季脱盐、秋冬季缓慢积盐的特征,浅层地下水矿化度越高、埋深越浅,其土壤剖面含盐量越高;果林地和长期耕种的土地可以降低土壤盐分的活性,有效抑制盐分的累积,降低滨海地区土壤盐渍化程度,保护和改良土壤。  相似文献   

苏门答腊岛(印尼)成矿带的岩浆作用和源区及其对比     

高小卫  吴秀荣  杨振强 《华南地质与矿产》2015,(2):136-150

本文介绍了苏门答腊岛上两个成矿带(即铜-金矿成矿带和锡矿成矿带)的矿产分布,岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学特征。根据本研究课题在巴东地区岩石化学资料,本文总结了铜-金矿成矿带含矿母岩的地球化学特征,探讨其岩浆岩成因和源区。同时,将其锡矿成矿带岩浆岩的岩石类型和地球化学-大地构造环境与其相邻地体进行对比。研究结果表明:西苏门答腊地体的铜-金矿成矿带的含矿母岩为SI-型埃达克质花岗岩,形成于活动大陆边缘(ACM)火山弧构造环境,其岩浆物质主要来源于俯冲洋壳板片局部熔融叠加上弱的地幔楔熔融-混染作用(MASH)。而东苏门答腊地体‘锡岛’和"暹缅马苏"地体的锡矿带含矿母岩为过铝质(S-型)花岗岩类,其形成构造环境为碰撞带的弧后盆地和陆内裂谷,物质源区来自地壳重熔和岩浆分异。地球化学资料表明,该两地体具有共同的深部岩浆源区。  相似文献   

中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层划分与对比          下载免费PDF全文

唐文龙  李俊建  付超  Orolmaa 《地质找矿论丛》2015,30(4):582-587

在中蒙边界1∶100万系列地质图件编制过程中,有关中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属问题存在一定的异议。文章根据中蒙两国1∶20万区域地质图件及生物地层学资料结合野外地质踏勘,讨论了中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属。详尽的地质资料及野外踏勘显示,中蒙边界蒙古地区发育的奥陶纪地层可以和相邻地区的中国奥陶纪地层进行对比。蒙古北山地区的Ehenhaya组和Adagbaishint组下段可以和罗雅楚山组相对比;Adagbaishint上段可与咸水湖组相对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。在Saishand地区,除自中国境内延伸来的乌宾敖包组和巴彦呼舒组延伸到蒙古外,Zeeriinhural组可以与裸河组进行对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。蒙古东部Khalkh gol地区的Bukhat uul组应分为两部分,下段与多宝山组相似,其时代属于早-中奥陶世;上段可以与裸河组进行对比,时代为中-晚奥陶世。  相似文献   

基于基础地理数据统计的长三角城市主城区空间格局扩展研究     

周墨  邓开艳  李雪艳  崔洪波 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):84-86

在快速城镇化时期,城市主城区的空间格局变化最为显著,以其复杂性和扩展性为突出特征。研究其扩展变化对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在基础地理数据统计的基础上,对长三角城市主城区2002~2012年的空间扩展进行了分析,探索影响其演变的若干因素。  相似文献   

地理国情水系要素的自动提取     

张瑞  王圣尧  刘善磊  石善球  周佳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(6):59-61

在地表覆盖水系图斑采集的基础上,利用Rosenfeld细化算法实现地理国情水系要素中心线的自动提取。首先兼顾提取质量确定图像由矢量转换为栅格的最佳像素值,然后根据内存访问效率和图像块大小的关系选择图像分块处理技术。此外,采用图像形态学的膨胀与腐蚀算法、线段长度条件约束和曲线节点抽稀等技术确保中心线提取质量。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法准确、高效,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

国情普查项目控制点测量方法研究     

王宝山  吕嘉欣  杨凤  王照祥 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(9):112-114

遥感影像数据作为第一次全国地理国情普查项目的首要基础资料,如何快速生产出满足精度要求的遥感影像成果,对国情普查项目有着不言而喻的作用,在西部经济欠发达地区,基础控制点数据库尚未全覆盖,需要在短时间内采集大范围的控制点信息,本文通过生产实践,对几种控制点采集方法进行综合比对,认为StarFire全球双频GPS星链差分系统测量的方法较适合我国西部荒漠、戈壁地区的国情影像像控点采集任务。  相似文献   

地理国情普查基本统计实践与经验探讨     

凌子燕  黄妤 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12):189-191

基于地理国情普查基本统计软件,利用地理国情普查数据,开展了基本统计试验,通过试验出现的问题,总结了基本统计工作中需要注意的事项包括统计分析前数据检查、数据预处理、坡度带分层及融合和成果质量检查等,避免出现统计错误,并提出了基本统计成果应与其他行业专题资料进行对比分析的建议,为地理国情普查基本统计工作提供了参考。  相似文献